早期中国共产党人对新闻基本理论的探索

Early Chinese Communists’ Exploration of the Basic Theory of Journalism

对早期中国共产党人新闻基本理论探索进行研究,有其学术意义和理论价值。考察其相关背景,须把握如下要点:中国共产党成立前,内忧外患及思想激荡凸显;"十月革命一声炮响,给我们送来了马克思列宁主义";涌现了在建党过程中发挥重要作用的中坚力量;早期中国共产党人多有办革命报刊和从事新闻活动的经验。探索的内容包括:党从诞生之时起就有的认识(党的报刊要由党掌握),新闻的定义("新闻是现在新的、活的社会状况的写真"),以事业来界定新闻行业("新闻事业是一种活的社会事业"),报刊功能(迅捷精确地报告日日发生的事实以扩大党的政治影响),新闻规律的重要内容(处理好与事实、与受众的关系),新闻工作者的角色身份(担负着重要的职责和使命),舆论("合理的固然成就过事功,不合理的也造过许多罪恶")。早期中国共产党人对新闻基本理论问题的探索,对今天的新闻舆论工作者有着重大启迪意义:把对新闻和新闻媒体的认知建立在唯物史观的基础上,自觉地将新闻事业和新闻工作服务于党的工作大局,新闻工作者须具备坚守真理和追求真理的优良品质,自始至终把舆论放在极为重要的位置上。

The research on the exploration of the basic theory of journalism made by the early Chinese Communists has its academic significance and theoretical value.To investigate its related background,we must grasp the following main points:before the founding of the Communist Party of China(CPC),internal and external troubles and ideological turbulence were highlighted;"The cannon of the October Revolution brought us Marxism-Leninism";A number of core forces which played an important role in the process of the CPC’s establishment have emerged.Their exploration includes the following points:from the time of birth,the CPC understood that its own press should be controlled by the CPC itself;news was defined as the reality of the new and current,living social situation;the news industry was defined as an undertaking,and journalism was considered as a living social undertaking;the function of the press was interpreted as reporting immediately and accurately daily occurrence to expand the political influence of the CPC;the important law of news reporting should focus on tackling facts and audience;journalists should fulfill important responsibilities and missions;harnessed correctly,public opinion might help to accomplish things,whereas,unjustified ones might create evils.The early Chinese Communists’exploration of the basic theoretical problems of journalism is of great enlightenment to today’s journalists:They built their cognition of journalism and news media on the basis of historical materialism and they believed journalists and journalism should meet the requirements of fulfilling CPC’s purposes voluntarily.In the meanwhile,journalists should uphold the quality of sticking to the truth and pursuing the truth as well as place the public opinion on the extremely important position.