基于多模式竞合关系的高铁网络差异化票价策略

Differential Farestrategy of High Speed Rail Network Based on Multi-mode Competition and Cooperation

针对目前中国高速铁路线网客流分布不均衡、线路需求差异大的问题,提出高铁线路差异化定价策略,基于Bush Mosteller强化学习模型刻画更加符合实际群体决策特征的客流分配机制,设计了新的客流OD矩阵均衡算法;以客票收入最大化与广义费用最小化为目标,建立多种出行方式耦合联动的高铁线网差异化票价优化模型,优化各线路单位里程票价及出票限额;采用量子退火算法求解模型,将模型运用于代表性真实铁路网,通过比较不同客流分配机制下的优化结果发现:(1)本文模型得到的高铁票价差异化策略降低了社会总成本,提升了铁路线网客流分配的均衡度;(2)旅客群体的决策复杂性会使出行需求发生均衡转移并对票价策略实施结果产生影响。

Focusing on the issues of unbalanced passenger flow distribution and large difference of demand in the highspeed railway network of China, the differentiated pricing strategy of high-speed rail ticket is proposed, the passenger flow distribution mechanism which is more in accordance with the group decision-making in real case is established based on the Bush-Mostcller reinforcement learning model and the new passenger flow OD matrix equilibrium algorithm is designed.Aiming at maximizing the ticket revenue and minimizing the generalized cost, a differential fare optimization model of high-speed rail network with coupling and linkage of multiple travel modes is established to optimize the unit mileage ticket price and ticket quota of each line.The quantum anncaling algorithm is introduced to solve the model,and the model is applied to the representative real railway network,by comparing the optimization results under different passenger flow allocation mechanisms, it is found that:(1) the high-speed rail ticket price differentiation strategy obtained in this paper reduces the total social cost and improves the equilibrium degree of passenger flow distribution in railway network;(2) the decision complexity of the passengers makes the travel demand shift in equilibrium and has an impact on the implementation of the fare strategy.