不同破坏模式下尾矿库溃坝模型试验研究

Test Research of Tailings Pond Dam Break Model Under Different Failure Modes

以辽宁某尾矿库为原型,自主搭建模型试验平台,分别进行突降暴雨洪水漫顶和坝坡管涌2种不同破坏模式下的尾矿库溃坝模型试验。从溃坝发展过程、影响范围及破坏程度等方面对比分析各工况下的溃决机理和破坏过程,得到不利工况,为下游居民安全撤离和制定合理抗灾减灾措施提供依据。结果表明:尾矿库的调洪库容和排洪设施的泄洪能力不足是溃坝模式形成的关键;2种破坏模式的溃坝过程和溃决机制有较大差异;相较于洪水漫顶破坏,管涌破坏导致的溃坝后果更为严重、影响范围也更广,可由此确定下游搬迁范围。

Taking a tailings pond in Liaoning province as the prototype, the model test platform was built independently and the test of tailings pond dam break model under two different failure modes was carried out respectively, namely flood overtopping and dam slope pipe gushing. The break mechanism and failure process under various working conditions were compared and analyzed from the aspects of dam break development process, influence range and damage degree, etc., and the adverse working conditions were obtained, so as to provide basis for the safe evacuation of downstream residents and the formulation of reasonable disaster relief measures. The results show that the lack of flood control capacity of tailings ponds and discharge capacity of facilities was the key to the formation of dam break modes. The failure process and mechanism of dam break of the two failure modes were quite different. Compared with flood overtopping, dam slope pipe gushing has a more serious dam break and affects a wider range. Therefore, the downstream relocation range can be determined accordingly.