小学数学教材中数轴的运用和思想方法的渗透——以苏教版教材为例

Application of Number Axis and Permeation of Thinking Methods in Primary School Mathematics Textbooks:Tak⁃ing the Textbooks Published by Jiangsu Education Publish⁃ing House as an Example

教科书是传播数学知识和渗透数学思想方法的重要载体。苏教版教材中数轴占有重要的地位,贯穿整个小学学习阶段。数轴在教材中有多种运用:涉及数的直观感知、数的运算推理、数的时间表征、数的动态关联。在运用数轴的过程中,伴随着数学思想方法的渗透,包含对应思想方法、比较思想方法、数形结合思想方法。为了更好地发挥教材对于学习数轴的基础性功能,还应注重数轴的多层次解读、加强数轴的类比分析、拓展数轴运用的范围。

Textbooks are an important carrier for spreading mathematical knowledge and permeating mathematical thinking and methods.The number axis occupies an important position in the textbooks published by Jiangsu Education Publishing House,which runs through the entire primary school learning stage.The number axis has many applications in textbooks:it involves the intuitive perception of numbers,the arithmetic reasoning of numbers,the time representation of numbers,and the dynamic association of numbers.In the process of using the number axis,along with the permeation of mathematical thinking methods,it includes corresponding thinking methods,comparative thinking methods,and combined thinking methods of number and shape.In order to make better use of the basic function of the teaching material for learning the number axis,we should also pay attention to the multi-level interpretation of the number axis,strengthen the analogy analysis of the number axis,and expand the application scope of the number axis.