干性ARMD中视网膜色素上皮细胞的作用及损伤机制

Role and damage mechanism of retinal pigment epithelial cells in dry ARMD

年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,ARMD)是导致老年人中心视力不可逆丧失的主要原因。ARMD的典型特征是视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)和脉络膜毛细血管发生退行性改变及黄斑区出现玻璃膜疣。临床上ARMD分为两种亚型:非渗出型(干性或萎缩型)和渗出型(湿性或新生血管型)。该病的发生是年龄、环境、遗传、吸烟、氧化应激和心血管功能障碍等多种因素相互作用的结果。鉴于RPE细胞在ARMD发病中的重要作用,现以RPE细胞为重点,总结了蓝光、吸烟、氧化应激、脂褐素积累、慢性炎症和蛋白质稳态对干性ARMD发病的作用和可能机制,为认识和预防干性ARMD的发生提供新的帮助。

Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is a major cause of irreversible loss of central vision in the elderly.Typical characteristics of ARMD consist of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE),degenerative changes of choroidal capillaries and vitreous warts in macular area.Clinical ARMD is divided into two subtypes:non effusive(dry or atrophic)and effusive(wet or neovascular).The occurrence of the disease is the result of the interaction of many factors,such as age,environment,heredity,smoking,oxidative stress and cardiovascular dysfunction,etc.In view of the important role of RPE cells in pathogenesis of ARMD,the effects and possible mechanisms of blue light,smoking,oxidative stress,lipofuscin accumulation,chronic inflammation and protein homeostasis on the onset of dry ARMD are summarized by focusing on RPE cells.This will provide new ideas to help understand and prevent the occurrence of dry ARMD.