社区尺度的北京儿童服务设施可达性分析

Accessibility analysis of children’s service facilities at community scale in Beijing

儿童服务设施是建设儿童友好性城市的重要内容。基于北京城区社区人口数据及儿童服务设施数据,通过两步移动搜寻法,以社区为单元分析儿童服务设施可达性的空间格局及分布模式。结果显示,不同类别儿童服务设施空间可达性服务水平差异较大,在1000米阈值范围内小学的空间可达性水平优于幼儿园,3000米阈值范围内儿童诊所的空间可达性优于公园。受儿童人口和儿童服务设施分布的影响,小学、幼儿园、儿科门诊的可达性均呈现"中心高、边缘低"的分布格局,空间分布不均衡;公园分布则相对分散,其可达性呈现边缘区域优于中心区域分布特征。北京城区儿童服务设施可达性情况可分为五种类型区,类型区之间以同心圆的结构进行组合,局部体现出扇形的特征。据此提出针对不同区域儿童服务设施的改善策略。

Children service facilities are important components of building children-friendly city. Based on community populationand children’s service facilities data in Beijing, this paper analyzes spatial distribution and pattern of city’s accessibility to children’s service facilities through two-step mobile search method, using community as basic research unit. Result shows that accessibility level of different types of children’s service facilities varies greatly. The spatial accessibility level of primary schools is better than that of kindergartens in the 1000 m threshold range, and accessibility of pediatric clinics is better than that of parks in the 3000 m threshold range. Influenced by distribution of children’s population and service facilities, accessibility of primary schools, kindergartens and pediatric clinics presents the distribution pattern of "high in center, low in suburb",which is unbalanced in space. Distribution of parks is relatively dispersed,and accessibility of marginal areas is better than that of central areas. The accessibility of children’s service facilities in Beijing can be divided into five types, and the organization of which reflects spatial attributes of concentric circles and sectors patterns at the same time. Accordingly,this paper puts forward strategies for improving children’s service facilities in different regions.