中国服务业集聚的特征研究——基于第五、六次人口普查分县数据

Characteristics of China’s service industry agglomeration:Based on county data from the fifth and sixth censuses

基于全国人口普查分县数据,采用区位基尼系数刻画2010年中国服务业集聚的特征,研究表明:(1)全国层面上,服务业整体的区位基尼系数为0.52,集聚程度适中;分组来看,程度由高到低依次是生产者服务业、消费者服务业和公共服务业;所有的服务业门类均表现出集聚性,部分门类的集聚程度高于制造业;与2000年相比,生产者服务业、消费者服务业的集聚程度有增有减,而公共服务业的集聚程度存在减弱趋势。(2)在三大地区层面,西部的服务业集聚程度最高,中部的服务业集聚程度最低,东部的服务业集聚程度则处于中间水平;服务业的分布差异主要由东、中、西部内部的分布差异所引起。(3)省域层面上,服务业的平均集聚程度相对降低,部分门类甚至呈非集聚状态,但仍有服务业门类属于高度集聚;西藏、青海、新疆等欠发达省份的服务业集聚程度要远高于发达省份;服务业的分布差异主要由省域内部的分布差异所引起。本文为有关中国服务业的理论研究和政策制定提供了基础数据支持。

Based on the data of counties in the national census, this paper uses Gini coefficient to describe the characteristics of service industry agglomeration of China in 2010. At the national level the Gini coefficient of service industry as a whole is 0. 52, and the degree of agglomeration is moderate;in terms of grouping, producer service, consumer service and public service are in order from high to low;all service industries show agglomeration, and the agglomeration degree of some service industries is even higher than that of manufacturing industry;from 2000 to 2010, the agglomeration degree of producer service industry and consumer service industry has increased or decreased, while the agglomeration degree of public service industry has a weakening trend. In addition, at the three regional levels, the service industry agglomeration degree in the west is the highest, in the middle lowest, and in the east in the middle level;at the provincial level, the service industry agglomeration degree is lower than that at the national level, and some service industries are even non-agglomeration, but there are still service industries which belong to high agglomeration. This article provides basic data support for theoretical research and policy formulation of China’s service industry.