多维“流”视角下区域旅游网络结构特征及其作用机制分析——以云南省为例

Analysis on structural characteristics of regional tourism network and its influence mechanism from the perspective of multi-dimensional flow——Taking Yunnan Province as an example

基于多维流视角,运用GIS及社会网络分析方法,对比分析云南省旅游经济流、客流、信息流、资金流的网络结构差异特征及相互影响作用机制。研究表明:云南省供需两侧旅游流反向发展态势明显,旅游流网络异质演变特征明显,流量水平趋高,而流质水平偏低。旅游经济流发展未能随着旅游客流和信息流的发展而增强,网络密度偏低且长期存在旅游经济发展孤点,旅游经济合作交流不足。各州市在旅游经济流网络中"零和竞争"的偏利非共生发展态势,使得旅游市场领域存在一定的"公地悲剧"现象。云南省旅游流节点水平及其空间特征差异显著,"核心-边缘"结构明显。云南省旅游经济流受到旅游客流的中介力、旅游信息流的推动力、旅游资金流的拉动力三者的共同作用影响,各作用力影响程度表现出强弱历时性差异演化,旅游客流中介力持续增强,旅游信息流推动力稳步强化,旅游资金流拉动力显著下降。云南省旅游经济增长及旅游经济流网络发展驱动模式,正逐步由"供给侧拉动型"向"需求侧推动型"转变。

From the perspective of multi-dimensional tourism flow, the characteristics of the spatial network structure of tourism flow in Yunnan Province and their influence mechanism are compared and explored by using GIS spatial analysis and social network analysis. Results show that:(1)Supply and demand of the tourism flow in Yunnan Province show obvious reverse development trend, and the heterogeneous evolution characteristics in tourism flow network are obvious, which means the higher the tourism flow level is, the lower the quality of tourism flow is.The development of tourism economic flow has not been enhanced along with the development of tourism market. The network density is low and there is a long-term existence of tourism economic development isolation, and the tourism economic cooperation exchange is insufficient.The "zero-sum competition" development trend of the cities in the tourism economy flow network makes the tourism market a certain "common tragedy" phenomenon.(2)The level of tourism flow nodes and their spatial characteristics in Yunnan Province are significantly different,and the core-edge structure is obvious.(3) Tourism economic flow network in Yunnan Province is affected by the intermediary power of tourism flow, driving force of tourism information flow,and the pulling power of tourism capital flow. The three forces present historical differences: the intermediary power of tourism flow continued to strengthen, the driving force of tourism information flow steadily strengthened, the pulling power of tourism capital flow significantly decreased, but the impact of the force shows strong and long-lasting difference evolution.(4)The driving mode of tourism economic growth and tourism economic flow network in Yunnan province are gradually changing from "supply-side-driven" pattern to "demand-side-driven" pattern.