“双峰”并峙:元末明初文清诸子的理学与文学

"Two Peaks"Coexisting:Neo Confucianism and literature of Scholars in the Late Yuan and Early Ming Dynasties

文清学派兴于南宋,盛于元明之际。文清诸子的理学思想由元代中期的正统色彩向“心学”前行,而文学则历经了由“师古”“师心”向关注诗歌的教化功能转变。以陈樵、宋濂为代表的文清诸子的学术成就,成为象山“心学”向阳明“心学”发展的中间环节。他们的文学思想或张扬生命欲望、体现个体意志,或提倡文学复古、主张经世致用,分别成为了明代中后叶文学领域个性解放运动和文学复古的先声。文清诸子的学术各有所承,各有所守,各有所创,共同造就了元末明初理学与文学“双峰”并峙局面的形成。

The school of Wenqing began in the Southern Song Dynasty and flourished in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.The Neo Confucianism thought of the scholars of Wenqing moved forward from the orthodox color of the mid Yuan Dynasty to the"Heart Study",and the literary education changed from"learning from the ancient"and"learning from the heart"to paying attention to the education function of poetry.The academic achievements of the scholars of Wenqing,represented by Chen Qiao and Song Lian,became the intermediate link in the development of Xiangshan's"mind study"to Yangming's"mind study".Their literary thoughts either publicized the desire for life,embodied the individual will,or advocated Literature Restoration and practical application,which became the forerunners of individual liberation movement and Literature Restoration in the field of literature in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.The scholars of Wenqing had their own academic inheritance,defense and creation,which together led to the formation of the"double peaks"of Neo Confucianism and literature in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties.