发达国家垃圾分类得失及其对中国的镜鉴

Source Separation of Municipal Solid Waste:What China Can Learn from the Experiences and Lessons in Developed Countries

近年来,我国不断推进垃圾分类工作的深入开展,46个重点城市已逐步建成垃圾分类处理系统并取得一定成效。综述了日本、德国、美国、新加坡4个发达国家开展垃圾分类的历程,从各自推行垃圾分类的背景、法律法规、主要理念及举措、分类处理方式、取得的成效等角度总结归纳了发达国家开展垃圾分类的经验,分析了不同国家选择不同的分类方式和处理方式的原因,指出废物出口导向下发达国家垃圾分类体系存在的问题。我国开展垃圾分类,应充分吸取发达国家的经验教训,按照各地垃圾产生特点、经济发展水平和土地资源情况,制定具有地方特色的规章制度,选择合理的分类方式和处理方式,明晰各环节责任主体,充分发挥市场机制的优势,建立垃圾分类智能化监管平台,形成因地制宜的垃圾分类中国模式。

In recent years,China has continuously promoted the in-depth development of waste classification.46 key cities have gradually built waste sorting and treatment systems and achieved some success.The process of waste classification in four developed countries of Japan,Germany,the United States,and Singapore were summarized.And the experience of waste classification in developed countries was concluded from the perspectives of their background,laws and regulations,main ideas and measures,classification and treatment methods,and achieved results,et al.The reasons for choosing various classification and treatment methods in different countries were analyzed,and the problems of waste classification system in developed countries under the guidance of waste export were pointed out.To carry out waste separation in China,we should draw on the experience and lessons of developed countries.According to the local waste generation characteristics,level of economic development and land resources situation,to formulate rules and regulations with local characteristics,choose a reasonable classification and processing mode,clear the responsibility subject of each link,give full play to the advantage of market mechanism,set up waste classification intelligent supervise platform,and form the Chinese model waste sorting according to local conditions.