生活垃圾管理进程与评价研究进展

Research Progress of MSW Management Process and Evaluation

生活垃圾管理反映了不同城市化地区的社会管理水平、经济发展水平和生态环境理念,具有路径依赖的特征。回顾生活垃圾管理的历史和评价内容,有助于理解现阶段生活垃圾管理政策,为不同城市化地区提供具有适应性的、面向未来的和可持续发展的生活垃圾管理。人类对生活垃圾管理的认知随着城市化进程不断深入,生活垃圾具有环境和资源的双重属性,对生活垃圾的管理从公共卫生管理、污染防治向可持续管理进化。生活垃圾管理评价内容随之发生变化,从早期关注生活垃圾的产生量和收运处置成本,到关注生活垃圾的代谢过程及其环境影响,再到当前重视生活垃圾管理在社会、经济和环境的利弊权衡。但是,与发达国家不同,我国生活垃圾管理评价对决策系统的支持仍然有限,生活垃圾管理评价应加强监测,建立本地化清单数据,提高研究的精度和信度;需借助产业生态学、社会分析等跨学科的研究方法,增加社会、经济和环境等维度的系统分析,兼顾垃圾的双重属性,重视产业部门和垃圾处理部门的耦合、管理措施和居民感知的耦合,为生活垃圾管理提供切实可行的决策支持,助力无废城市和生态文明建设。

MSW management reflects the social management level,economic development and ecological environment concept of different urban areas,and has the characteristics of path dependence.R eviewing the history and evaluation content of MSW management is helpful to understand the current MSW management policy,and provide adaptive,future-oriented and sustainable MSW management for different urban areas.Human’s cognition of MSW management is deepening with the process of urbanization.MSW has dual attributes of environment and resources,and the management of MSW has evolved from public health management and pollution prevention to sustainable management.The content of MSW management evaluation changed accordingly,from the early attention to the production and collection and disposal cost of MSW,to the metabolic process of MSW and its environmental impact,and to the current attention of the benefit-risk balance of MSW management in society,economy and environment.However,different from developed countries,waste management evaluation in China still has limited support for decision-making system.Therefore,MSW management evaluation in China should strengthen monitoring,establish localized list data,improve the accuracy and reliability of research,and with the help of interdisciplinary analysis such as industrial ecology and social analysis,focus on the system analysis on social,economic and environmental dimensions,consider both attributes of waste,pay attention to the coupling between industrial sector and waste treatment sector,management measures and the coupling with residents’perception,to provide practical decision-making support for MSW management and would help to build zero-waste cities and ecological civilization.