美国高校口述历史教育实践特色及启示研究

A Research on the Practice Characteristics and Enlightenment of Oral History Education in American Universities

为进一步推动我国高校图书馆等机构的口述历史专业人才培养和队伍建设,以及为我国高校口述历史教育提供借鉴和思路,在众多开展口述历史教育的美国高校中,重点选取10所高校进行调查研究。研究发现,美国高校图书馆在美国高校口述历史教育中发挥着重要作用,且美国高校口述历史教育实践具有五个方面的特色:与图书馆机构紧密相连、教育方式具有多元化、教育内容更加侧重实践、教育对象范围逐渐拓展、教育支撑资源具有多维性。建议我国图书馆机构做好五方面的工作:充分发挥自身优势,积极开展和参与口述历史教育;以口述历史项目为依托,注重理论与实践的有机结合;以馆内人才培养为重点,积极为外部人才培养提供服务;打造专兼职的师资队伍,为口述历史教育提供人才支撑;尝试建立教育奖励机制,吸引相关人员接受口述历史教育。

In order to further promote the oral history professional personnel training and team building of university libraries and other institutions in China,and to provide reference and ideas for oral history education in China's universities,the authors selected 10 universities in the United States to carry out a survey of oral history education.The research finds that American university libraries play an important role in oral history education in American universities,and the practice of oral history education in American universities has five characteristics:a close connection with library institutions,diversified educational methods,more emphasis on practice in educational content,gradually expanding the scope of educational objects,and multidimensional educational support resources.It is suggested that Chinese libraries should do a good job in five aspects:give full play to their own advantages,actively carry out and participate in oral history education;rely on oral history projects,pay attention to the organic combination of theory and practice;focus on personnel training in the library,actively provide services for external personnel training;build full-time and part-time teaching staff to provide personnel support for oral history education;and try to establish an educational incentive mechanism to attract relevant personnel to accept oral history education.