数字经济时代数据财产私法规制体系的构塑

Construction of the Civil-law Legal Regime Regulating Data Property in the Era of Digital Economy

数字经济引发了数据财产的爆发,数据财产立法应当坚持物尽其用这一“最大幸福原理”,激励数据的开发与利用,实现数据财产价值的最大化。这不仅是数字立法的理性要求,亦是各国数字立法旨在实现的重要目标。为此,有必要从数据财产的归属、利用和保护三个层面确立数据财产的私法规制体系。具体而言,首先,应当在区分个人数据与非个人数据的基础之上,明确数据财产的归属。其次,应当确立“促进合理利用+增强透明度”的基本思路,实现数据控制者对数据财产的充分利用。最后,应当明确对数据财产的赋权保护,强化数据控制者的权利救济,形成数据的合理利用秩序。

Digital economy aroused the outbreak of the theoretical research in data property,of which the legislation should adhere to the best use principle,as well referred to as the“greatest happiness principle”,to stimulate the development and utilization of data and to achieve the maximization of the value of data property.Not merely is this the rational requirement of digital legislation,but also the crucial target which the digital legislative practice of countries worldwide would like to achieve.Therefore,it is of great necessity to establish the basic order of data utilization from the following three aspects,the attribution,utilization and protection of data property.To be specific,first,what the author recommends is to clarify the ownership of data property on the basis of distinguishing personal data from non-personal data.Then,data controller’s full use of data property should be achieved by method of establishing the basic train of thought of“promoting the rational use and enhancing transparency”.Finally,the empowering protection mode of data property needs to be clarified,the rights and remedies of the data controller require to be strengthened,and the order utilizing data rationally demands to be established.