走出决定论的困境——论柏格森的自由观

Get out of the Dilemma of Determinism——On Bergson’s Conception of Freedom

柏格森在其《论意识的直接材料》一书中,从绵延概念出发,对西方哲学中的决定论概念进行批判性分析。涉及自由问题的决定论学说有物理决定论和心理决定论两种形态,物理决定论最终以心理决定论为前提,而心理决定论最终又诉诸一种物理因果性。柏格森指出在物理因果性之外还存在一种心理因果性,基于这种心理因果性的理论可以对意志及其自由作出更好的说明。

In his first book Time and free will,Henri Bergson has analyzed and criticized the concept of determinism in Western philosophy from his philosophical perspective of duration.There are two forms of determinism related to freedom,physical determinism and psychological determinism.Physical determinism is ultimately premised by psychological determinism,while psychological determinism finally appeals to a kind of physical causality.Bergson pointed out that there is a psychological causality besides physical causality,and the theory based on this psychological causality can better explain the will and its freedom.