从符号化建制到诗意的道说——基于索绪尔语言学的“结构”之思

From Symbolic Construction to Poetic Narration——The Thought of“Structure”Based on Saussure’s Linguistics

"语言"的存在,是出于人类与生俱来的安身立命的渴求而确立的关于"世界"的意义解释系统。当索绪尔在纯粹的理性运演下,以无视事物本真存在的"符号化"构型建构出结构主义的语言观之时,其实质不过是用理性的概念范畴为"世界"确立的一套新型的意指体系。其后的后结构主义者凭借"解构"的利器意欲超越索绪尔语言学,却因与前者分享着同样的理论平台——分析理性,反而导致了"世界"意义系统彻底的不确定性。可见,任何在感性的言语活动之外寻找"语言本质"的做法都是对"语言"本身的遗忘。只有遵照感性活动事实本身的"纹路",即遵照生活世界里不同于"形式逻辑"的"感性逻各斯",才有可能聆听到生命世界的"大言"——"诗意的道说"。

The existence of"language"is an interpretation system of the meaning of"world"established by human beings because of the innate eagerness for living.When Saussure founded a structuralist view of language under a pure rational algorithm which ignored the"symbolization"structure of original state of existing,its essence was nothing more than a set of signifying system for the"world"using a rational conceptual category.The poststructuralists aimed to surpass Saussure’s linguistics relying on"deconstruction",however it resulted in a complete uncertainty of the signifying system of"world",since they shared the same theoretical platform of analytical rationality.It could be concluded that any search for"essence of language"beyond perceptual verbal practice is the oblivion of"language"itself.Only if we comply with the"lines"of perceptual activity itself,namely the"perceptual logic"of the world differing from"formal logic",could we realize the"being"of the living world,in other words the"poetical dialogue".