山西翅果油树上三种重要鳞翅目害虫的形态和分子鉴定及生活史观察

Morphological and molecular identification and life history observation of three important lepidopteran pests on Elaeagnus mollis(Elaeagnaceae)in Shanxi Province,North China

【目的】明确山西翅果油树Elaeagnus mollis上发生危害的3种鳞翅目害虫形态鉴定特征及生活史特性,并基于mtDNA COI基因DNA条形码对这3个种进行快速物种识别鉴定。【方法】通过观察山西翅果油树上3种鳞翅目害虫成虫外部形态和解剖拍照雌、雄性外生殖器特征,利用PCR扩增对待测样本COI基因DNA条形码序列进行测定,与GenBank数据库中同源序列进行比对,基于COI基因DNA条形码序列构建邻接树(neighbor-joining,NJ),结合形态学研究结果对这3种鳞翅目害虫开展种类鉴定。【结果】形态学鉴定结果表明,危害山西翅果油树的3种鳞翅目害虫为榆兴透翅蛾Synanthedon ulmicola、兴透翅蛾Synanthedon sp.和斜纹小卷蛾Apotomis sp.。对这3个种的外部形态和雌、雄性外生殖器鉴别特征进行了描述和绘图。DNA条形码序列比对分析结果显示,榆兴透翅蛾与GenBank数据库中Synanthedon sequoiae的COI基因核苷酸序列一致性为90.7%,兴透翅蛾与GenBank数据库中Synanthedon spheciformis的COI基因核苷酸序列一致性为90.0%,斜纹小卷蛾与GenBank数据库中Apotomis capreana的COI基因核苷酸序列一致性为92.7%,NJ树聚类分析结果显示3个种分别形成明显的单系分支,与形态学和序列比对鉴定结果相吻合。【结论】本研究基于形态学鉴定和COI基因DNA条形码分子鉴定明确了危害山西翅果油树的3种鳞翅目害虫——榆兴透翅蛾、兴透翅蛾和斜纹小卷蛾,并提供了3个种的形态鉴定特征、生活史资料,为重要经济树种翅果油树的害虫防治提供了理论依据和科学资料。

【Aim】The study aims to determine the morphological characteristics and life history of three lepidopteran pest species damaging Elaeagnus mollis in Shanxi Province,North China,and to provide rapid and accurate identification of the three species based on DNA barcodes of mtDNA COI gene.【Methods】The external morphology of three lepidopteran pest species on E.mollis in Shanxi was observed,and the internal structures of female and male genitalia were illustrated.The DNA barcode sequences of COI gene were obtained through PCR amplification and compared against reference sequences in GenBank database and used to generate neighbor-joining(NJ)tree.Based on the DNA barcode sequences of COI gene in combination with morphological identification results,the three lepidopteran pests were identified.【Results】The results of morphological identification showed that the three lepidopteran pests damaging E.mollis are Synanthedon ulmicola,Synanthedon sp.,and Apotomis sp..The external morphology and female and male genitalia were described and illustrated.DNA barcode analysis showed that the COI gene sequences of S.ulmicola and Synanthedon sequoia in GenBank database show 90.7%nucleotide sequence identity,those of Synanthedon sp.and Synanthedon spheciformis in GenBank database show 90.0%nucleotide sequence identity,and those of Apotomis sp.and Apotomis capreana in GenBank database show 92.7%nucleotide sequence identity.NJ tree analysis showed that the three species formed distinct monophyletic branches,consistent with the results of morphological identification.【Conclusion】In this study,three species of lepidopteran pests of E.mollis,S.ulmicola,Synanthedon sp.and Apotomis sp.,were determined by using a combined morphological and DNA barcoding approach for species identification.Morphological characteristics and life history of the three species were provided.Our findings will be helpful for pest management of the important economic tree species E.mollis.