成都地区新见明墓中的藏传佛教石刻初探

A Preliminary Study of Newly Found Tibetan Buddhist Stone Carvings in the Tombs of the Ming Dynasty in Chengdu

龙灯山墓地为明代蜀王府将军的家族墓地。M1墓顶两石所刻的曼荼罗图像来源于藏传佛教,葬于墓中是希望死者能够脱离六道轮回,升往西天极乐世界。藏传佛教信仰在成都地区流行于以蜀王府为中心的上层社会。蜀王府信仰藏传佛教一方面是受到宫廷的影响,另一方面是因为川藏两地相邻,有着密切的商贸及人员交流,成都又是藏族僧人入京通道上的重要节点,故藏传佛教在成都地区具有相当的影响力,部分藏族僧人在成都传教,甚至创设藏传性质寺院。

The Longdengshan tombs were a cemetery for the general's clan of Shuwangfu during the Ming dynasty.On the ceiling of the tomb M1,there are two stone carvings inscribed with mandalas which are derived from Tibetan Buddhism.They were buried into the tomb in order that the owner would be liberated from the six samsaric life forms and enter the Pure Land in the West.Tibetan Buddhism spread among the upper classes in Chengdu with the Shuwangfu clan at the center during the Ming.Their involvement in of Tibetan Buddhism was influenced by the court.On the other hand,because close trade and personnel exchanges existed between Sichuan and Tibet,and Chengdu was the main joint on the road to the capital from Tibetan area,many Tibetan monks and traders stopped in Chengdu,and some of them even established Tibetan monasteries.Tibetan Buddhism became influential in the Chengdu area and it is therefore not surprising to find Tibetan Buddhist stone carvings in these tombs.