农户创业加剧了农户收入不平等吗——基于RIF回归分解的视角

Does Farmers Entrepreneurship Increase Income Inequality?——Based on the Perspective of RIF Regression Decomposition

乡村振兴战略背景下探讨农户创业对农户收入不平等的影响具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文首先构建一个理论模型探讨农户创业对农户收入不平等的影响,其次运用无条件分位数回归以及再中心化影响函数回归分解实证考察农户创业对农户收入不平等的影响和作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)农户创业的增收效应具有异质性:农业创业对农户有显著增收效应,且随农户收入水平的提高而增加;非农创业仅对中高收入农户具有增收效应。(2)农户创业加剧了农户收入不平等。收入分解结果表明:结构效应是造成农业创业农户和不创业农户收入不平等的主因,特征效应是造成非农创业农户和不创业农户收入不平等的主因。(3)分解特征效应和结构效应表明:社会资本和物质资本的特征差异和特征回报率差异是造成创业农户与不创业农户收入不平等的主要要素。

Under the background of rural revitalization strategy, exploring the impact of farmer entrepreneurship on farmers’ income inequality has great theoretical and practical significance for poverty alleviation. This paper first constructs a theoretical model to explore the impact of farmer entrepreneurship on income inequality of farmers, then uses unconditional quantile regression and recentered influence function regression decomposition to examine the impact and mechanism of farmer entrepreneurship on income inequality of farmers. The results show that:(1) the income effect of farmers’ entrepreneurship is heterogeneous: agricultural entrepreneurship has an income effect on all farmers, and the income effect is increasing with the increase of farmers’ income level;non-agricultural entrepreneurship has an income effect only for medium-high income farmers.(2) Farmers’ entrepreneurship has increased the income inequality of farmers. The results of income decomposition show that the structural effect is the main cause of income inequality between agricultural entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial farmers. The characteristic effect is the main cause of income inequality between non-agricultural entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial farmers.(3) Detailed decomposition of characteristic effects and structural effects shows that the difference in characteristics of social capital and physical capital and the difference in characteristic return rate are the main factors that cause income inequality between entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial farmers.