正规借贷、非正规借贷对农户收入的影响——来自中国西部贫困地区的经验证据

The Impact of Borrowing from Formal,Informal Channel on Farmers’ Family Income——An Empirical Evidence from the Underdevelopment Areas in Western China

本文利用2015年中国西部贫困地区贵州、云南和陕西6个国家级贫困县1368户农户家庭的调查数据,考察了农户发生不同渠道借贷对其纯收入的影响。研究发现,正规借贷对农户的纯收入有显著的正向影响,而非正规借贷对农户纯收入影响不显著。通过进一步分析显示,正规借贷对非贫困户纯收入水平的促进作用大于贫困户。因此,以政府为主导的正规借贷可能已经拉大了农户内部的收入差距。其中,包含物质资本、人力资本和社会资本在内的资本禀赋状况是导致贫困户与非贫困户使用正规借贷后出现增收效应差异的重要影响因素。政府应继续完善贫困地区农村金融体系,营造良好的外部生产环境,同时要加快贫困户资本禀赋培育的步伐,努力提升贫困户的内生发展动力,缩小农户内部的收入差距。

Based on the survey data of 1368 peasant households in 6 national poverty-stricken counties of Guizhou, Yunnan and Shaanxi in Western China in 2015, this paper examines the impact of loans from different channels on the net income of households. The study found that formal credit have a significant effect on the net income of farmers, while informal credit have no effect on the net income of farmers. The promotion effect of formal channel credit on the net income level of non-poor households is greater than that of poor households, and the government-led formal channel lending may widen the income gap among farmers. Among them, capital endowment, including material capital, human capital and social capital, is an important factor that leads to the difference between poor households and non-poor households in using formal channels to borrow and increase income. The government should continue to improve the rural financial system in poor areas and create a good external production environment. At the same time, the government should speed up the cultivating the capital endowment of poor farmers, striving to enhance the endogenous development force of poor households, and take positive measures to narrow the income gap among farmers.