考虑小件快运的城乡公交运营调度优化分析

Optimization of Urban and Rural Public Transport Operation and Scheduling Considering Small Piece Express

针对我国城乡公交发展面临诸如发车间隔过长、上座率低、盈利难,以及农村快递配送成本高、配送时效性差等问题,提出了考虑小件快运的城乡公交运营调度问题。首先,基于对农村小件快运需求与城乡公交供给的分析,提出了“城乡公交+小件快运”的运营模式,并深入分析了此模式的影响因素;其次,运用博弈论与多目标规划理论,综合考虑城乡公交公司、乘客及小件快递企业三方的利益,构建了以城乡公交公司收益最大、乘客出行时间最短的城乡公交运营新模式的双目标调度优化模型,并设计了遗传模拟退火算法进行求解;最后,以陕西省渭南市华州区为例进行求解验证。优化和实际运营结果对比分析表明,新模式下所构建的调度优化模型具有很好的优化效果,从而验证了新模式的可行性以及模型的有效性。

In view of the problems such as long departure interval,low occupancy rate,low profit,high cost of rural express delivery and poor delivery time that the development of urban and rural public transport in China faced,the paper put forward a solution to the urban and rural public transport operation and dispatching considering small-scale express.Firstly,the operation mode of“urban and rural public transport+small express”was put forward based on the analysis of rural small-scale express transportation demand and urban-rural public transport supply,and its influential factors were analyzed.Secondly,game theory and multi-objective programming theory were used to construct a double-objective scheduling optimization model which maximizes the income of public transport companies and minimizes the shortest travel time of passengers,considering the benefits of the new urban-rural public transport companies,passengers and small-scale express enterprises.And genetic simulated annealing algorithm was designed to provide a solution for the model.Finally,Huazhou District of Weinan City in Shaanxi Province was taken as an example to verify the solution.The comparative analysis between optimization and actual operation results shows that the scheduling optimization model constructed under the new mode has good optimization effect.It verifies the feasibility of the new model and the effectiveness of the model.