西藏夏鲁寺“介尊·喜饶琼乃”壁画释读

An Interpretation of the Mural of Lce btsun Shes rab’byung gnas in Zhwa lu Monastery

西藏夏鲁寺三门佛殿现遗存中有一铺以其创建者介尊·喜饶琼乃为主要题材的彩绘壁画,图像及题记完整地折射出11-14世纪初夏鲁寺的传承和介氏家族的历史。结合《夏鲁系谱》及相关文献分析,可以清晰看到隐藏在壁画背后的夏鲁寺诸多不为人知的历史,如:夏鲁寺传承情况,夏鲁寺早期在藏地的影响及其与上路传承的联系等。同时,介氏家族承接吐蕃遗风创建夏鲁寺,并在管理模式方面形成最早的家族式政教合一制,成为西藏政教合一制度中早期典型之一。

This paper discusses the mural depicting Lce bstun Shes rab’byung gnas(the 11th century founder of Zhwa lu)in the Sgo gsum ma lha khang of Zhwa lu monastery.The history of the monastery and the Lce clan from the 11th to the 14th century are fully presented through the images and inscriptions in a series of murals.Combining the literature on the genealogies of Zhwa lu and related Tibetan sources,this paper discusses some stories about Zhwa lu that were hitherto not well known.These include aspects of its religious background and its connections with the Indian subcontinent,as well as its contact with western Tibet during the period of the second diffusion of Buddhism.Its governance through a combination of politics and religion makes Zhwa lu one of the earliest monasteries that was under the control of a familyowned theocratic system.