半散养条件下高山兀鹫繁殖行为学观察

Observation and Research on Breeding Behavior of Gyps Himalayensis under Semi-free Culture

为了观察半散养条件下高山兀鹫的繁殖行为,通过直接观察并记录2017—2019年西宁野生动物园内高山兀鹫的繁殖资料。结果发现,半散养条件下高山兀鹫交配期3~4 d,交配时间1 min左右,产卵期在2月上旬~3月上旬,窝卵数大多为1枚,雌雄交替孵化,在孵化期内雌性高山兀鹫承担了65%以上孵化时间,孵化期为51 d;雏鸟出壳第1天全身绒毛呈灰白色,21 d时雏鸟绒毛底色为黑色,30 d时飞羽逐渐长出,70 d时雏鸟可以直立行走,100 d时全身羽毛已完全覆盖,120 d时表现出跳跃行为,150 d时雏鸟开始尝试飞行,180 d时可短距离飞行,并且接近成年高山兀鹫。表明人工饲养条件下可成功繁育高山兀鹫,本试验为青海省本土物种的异地保护、科普宣教起到了积极作用。

In order to observe the reproductive behavior of Gyps himalayensis under semi-free-range conditions,the reproductive data of Gyps himalayensis in Xining wildlife park from 2017 to 2019 were directly observed and recorded.The results revealed that under semi-free-range conditions,Gyps himalayensis had a mating period of 3-4 days and a mating time of about 1 min.The spawning period was from early February to early March.The number of eggs waa mostly one.The male and female hatched alternately.During the incubation period,the female Gyps himalayensis taked on more than 65%of the incubation time,and the hatching period was 51 days.On the 1st day after shelling,the whole body down was gray and white,the fluffy background of the chicks was black at the 21st day,and the flying feathers gradually growed out at 30 days,the chicks can walk upright on the 70 days,the plumage was completely covered on the 100 days,and they showed jumping behavior at the 120 days and started to try flying at 150 days,flying a short distance at 180 days,which is close to an adult Gyps himalayensis.It showed that Gyps himalayensis can be successfully bred under artificial growth conditions.This experiment has played a positive role in the protection of native species in Qinghai province.