巨厚煤层高强度开采地表移动特征及机理研究

Study on surface movement characteristics and mechanism of high intensity mining in extremely thick coal seam

巨厚煤层的高强度开采,造成矿区地表出现地裂缝、台阶、塌陷坑等较大非连续变形,此种变形破坏力极大,给矿区居民生产、生活带来严重威胁,同时可能引起水土流失,诱发山体滑坡等次生地质灾害,对矿区生态环境造成极大破坏。文中针对西北黄土高原区巨厚煤层高强度开采地表出现较大地裂缝、台阶等严重灾害问题,通过现场调查、变形监测等手段,分析研究巨厚煤层放顶煤开采地表移动特征及破坏机理,有效控制地表出现非连续变形。研究结果可为指导矿井安全开采,有效保护地表建(构)筑物及矿区环境提供技术依据,提高矿井开采对生态环境保护意识,在煤炭资源开发过程中注重对生态环境的保护,实现煤炭开采与生态环境保护可持续发展。

High intensity mining of extremely thick coal seam caused the large discontinuous deformation on the surface of mining area,such as the ground fissures,the steps and the collapse pits.This kind of deformation had the great destructive power and brought the serious threat to the production and life of residents in the mining area.At the same time,it might cause the soil erosion,induced the landslide and other secondary geological disasters,and caused the great damage to the ecological environment in the mining area.In this paper,aiming at the serious disasters such as the large ground cracks and the steps on the surface of the high intensity mining of the extremely thick coal seam in the Northwest Loess Plateau,the surface movement characteristics and the failure mechanism of the caving mining of extremely thick coal seam were analyzed by the means of the field investigation and the deformation monitoring,and the discontinuous deformation of the surface was controlled effectively.Research result could provide technical basis for guiding the safety mining of mine and protecting effectively the surface structures and the mining environment,and enhance the awareness of ecological environment protection in mining.Paying attention to the protection of the ecological environment in the process of the coal resource development,and the sustainable development of the coal mining and the ecological environment protection was realized.