矢量控制下的车用永磁电机电磁振动特性分析

Analysis of electromagnetic vibration of PM motor for electric vehicle based on vector control

针对矢量控制方案下的车用永磁电机电磁振动特性机理不清的问题,提出了一种磁场定向下永磁同步电机电磁力和电磁振动的解析模型。从d、q轴磁场的角度,利用麦克斯韦应力张量法研究了电磁力的空间和频率特征,详细讨论了不同负载下d、q轴磁场对电磁力的影响。其次,采用电磁有限元和结构有限元仿真手段将电机d、q轴电流对电机电磁力以及电机振动的影响进行了验证,并分析了不同负载下电机电磁振动的特性规律。最后,在一台6极36槽永磁同步电机及实验平台上完成了电机电磁振动试验,实验结果与理论分析规律和仿真结果相符。结果表明:车用永磁电机的二倍频电磁振动随着负载的增加而增加,在相同的电磁转矩输出时,可通过选择合适的d、q轴定子电流,使得电机的电磁振动降低。

An analytical model of the electromagnetic force and electromagnetic vibration of the permanent magnet synchronous motors for vehicles under the field orientation is proposed to explore the electromagnetic vibration characteristics of the PMSM under the vector control strategy. From the perspective of dq-axes magnetic field, the space and frequency characteristics of electromagnetic force were derived using the Maxwell stress tensor method, and the influence of dq-axes magnetic field on electromagnetic force under different loads was discussed in detail. Secondly, electromagnetic finite element method and structural finite element method were used to verify the influence of dq-axes currents on motor electromagnetic force and vibration. Besides, the characteristics of motor electromagnetic vibration under different loads were analyzed. Finally, the experiments were conducted on a 6-pole 36-slot PMSM, and the results are consistent with the theoretical analysis and simulation results. This study shows that the electromagnetic vibration of the PMSM for vehicles increases with the increase of the load. When the same electromagnetic torque is output, the electromagnetic vibration of the motor can be reduced by selecting the appropriate field-oriented current.