治理能力现代化视阈下的专门法院建设

The Construction of Special Courts from the Perspective of the Modernization of Governance Capacity

我国专门法院是国家治理需要的产物,因治理结构调整而被改革。在全面推进依法治国战略、实现治理能力现代化的背景下,专门法院获得了新的发展机遇。专门法院在特殊领域发挥着专项治理功能,是政策落实的有力工具。专门法院的中性(专才)优势有利于审判质量与效率双提升,有助于实现法律统一。多元化的专门化审判程序还能提高司法适应性。但地方法院利益驱动可能让专门法院建设盲目扩张,而政策导向与治理逻辑可能牵引专门法院审判偏离司法规律。未来专门法院建设应当以系统论为指导,找准专门法院在新型治理格局中的位置,防止专门法院地方化、行政化。专门化审判应遵循司法规律,着重发挥程序的作用,保障司法裁判的形式理性的同时又具有实质正当性。

China's specialized courts are the product of national governance needs and have been reformed because of the adjustment of governance structure.Against the background of comprehensively promoting the strategy of governing the country according to law and realizing the modernization of governance capacity,the specialized court has obtained new development opportunities.As a powerful tool for policy implementation,special courts play a special role in special areas.The expert advantage possessed by the special courts is beneficial not only to the improvement of trial quality and efficiency,but also to the legal unification.Diversification of specialized trial procedures can also improve judicial adaptability.However,the local courts'drive for interests may make the construction of specialized courts expand blindly,while the policy orientation and governance logic may lead the trial of specialized courts to deviate from the judicial law.Therefore,the construction of specialized courts should be guided by system theory in the future,define the position of specialized courts in the new governance pattern,and prevent the localization and administration of specialized courts.Specialized trials should follow theregular judicial pattern,focus on the role played by the procedures,and ensure the formal rationality of judicial decisions and the substantive legitimacy at the same time.