高等教育普及化的中国特点

On the Characteristics of Universal Higher Education In China

在高等教育普及化阶段,接受高等教育人数的增长首先带来的是学生的多样化,学生多样化是高等教育机构多样化、课程(教学内容)多样化、教学形式与方法多样化、高校管理多样化等的基本出发点。2019年我国高等教育入学率跨过了马丁·特罗的高等教育发展三阶段论中大众化与普及化的分界线,标志着我国高等教育进入了普及化阶段。我国高等教育普及化是在长期形成的高等教育发展特点基础上实现的,同时这些基础也构成了高等教育普及化进程的约束因素,并形塑着我国高等教育普及化的特征与特殊性。目前来看,我国高等教育普及化的主要特点表现在普通高校学生构成的单一化,地区间高等教育入学率增长的不平衡,实现高等教育治理体系现代化的复杂性等方面。

The growth of the number of people receiving higher education in the universal first brings about the diversification of students,which is the basic starting point of the diversification of higher education institutions,courses(teaching content),teaching forms and methods,and university management.In 2019,China’s higher education enrollment rate has crossed the dividing line between mass and universal in Martin Trow’s theory,marking that China’s higher education has entered the universal stage.The universal higher education in China is realized on the basis of the long-term development characteristics of higher education.At the same time,these foundations also constitute the constraints of the process of universal higher education,and shape the characteristics and particularity of the universal higher education in China.At present,the main characteristics of the universal higher education in China are as follows:the simplification of the composition of college students,the imbalance of the growth of higher education enrollment rate among regions,and the complexity of realizing the modernization of higher education governance system.