心理护理干预缓解直肠癌术后永久性造口患者病耻感和焦虑的研究进展

Research progress of psychological nursing intervention to relieve stigma and anxiety in patients with permanent colorectal cancer postoperatively

直肠癌作为世界上男性患病率中的第3位以及女性第2位的具有高发性的恶性肿瘤,临床上在治疗该疾病时大多采用的主要方式为手术治疗,而直肠造口仍是目前手术后无法进行一期的吻合或不能够保留肛门时常用的一种手术方式。术后患者产生的病耻感是指患者由于患病而产生的一种内心耻辱的体验,主要表现为由于患病而感到自身被标签化,被歧视和贬低,被疏远和回避及不能够被理解和接纳等。虽然造口在直肠癌疾病的治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用,但是由于造口术后大部分患者会有较为严重的病耻感,这就需要采取措施来降低患者的病耻感才有利于促进患者积极地面对疾病,达到提高生活质量的目的。临床医生和护理人员不仅要密切注意直肠癌患者自身疾病的相关治疗情况,同时还要关注患者术后的身心健康,对患者心理给予积极的引导,避免患者产生任何不良的心理疾病,而这就要求对心理护理给予合理的实施,要求医生及护理人员及时、有效地护理,从而改善患者的心理,减轻患者由于永久性的造口而产生的病耻感和焦虑。

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in males and the second most common malignancy in females in the world.Surgical treatment is the main way to treat this disease clinically.And rectal ostomy is still the current operation after a period of anastomosis or unable to preserve the anus is often used in a way of surgery.Postoperative stigma refers to the experience of inner shame caused by the disease,which is mainly manifested as the feeling of being labeled,discriminated against and belittled,alienated and avoided,and unable to be understood and accepted due to the disease.Although ostomy plays a vital role in the treatment of rectal cancer disease,but because most patients will have more serious stigma after ostomy,it is necessary to take measures to reduce the stigma of patients in order to promote patients to actively face the disease,to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of life.Clinical doctors and nurses should pay close attention to not only their own relevant treatment of the disease,patients with rectal cancer and to focus on patients with postoperative mental and physical health,psychological give positive guidance for patients and to avoid cause any adverse mental illness in patients,which requires the implementation of psychological care to give reasonable request doctors and nurses in a timely manner,nursing effectively,so as to improve the patients'psychology,relieve the patient's stigma and anxiety caused by permanent stoma.