中西医结合的认识论和方法论

Epistemology and Methodology of Integrating Chinese and Western Medicine

中西医结合研究以往多直接面对患者,参与临床诊断治疗的形而下的实操性探索,缺少系统的理论性研究,这可能不足以支撑一个学科体系的发展壮大。目前,在什么是中西医结合、怎样进行结合等问题上依然存在分歧,对"中西医结合医学"的科学概念表述也未能达成一致。笔者基于学科概念的一般意义,在理论基础、方法论、研究内容、发展方向等方面对中西医结合概念提出了新的表述:中西医结合是基于中医学的本体论、认识论,籍现代医学的还原论、系统论、信息论、控制论,研究人类生命和疾病的现象、本质及时相性演变规律,促进人类健康,预防、治疗疾病的综合性医学学科。学科概念决定学科体系结构的基本框架。笔者以中医学的本体论、认识论、方法论为基础系统阐释了中西医结合认识论和方法论内涵,对中西医结合的实践路径、研究范式阐述了新的观点,并就中西医结合目前需破解的几个重大科学问题提出具体思路。中西医结合不是机械地1+1=2的结合,而是分别用现代医学的理论和技术弥补中医学的推理想象、缺乏实证的不足;用中医学的取类比象思维、天人合一理念及整体观来梳理、统筹现代医学某些碎片化研究成果的零、散、杂,解决其成果间相互矛盾难以系统整合的问题,实现1+1>2的结合。应系统深入研究拓展中西医结合医学的理论和实践,进而构建系统完善的中西医结合医学学科体系。

In the past,research on the integration of Chinese and Western medicine was mostly a metaphysical and practical exploration of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients directly,and lacked a systematic theoretical study,which was not sufficient to support the development and growth of a disciplinary system.At present,there is still disagreement on what and how to combine Chinese and Western medicine,and there is no consensus on the scientific concept of"integrated Chinese and Western medicine".This paper proposes a new formulation of the concept of integrated Chinese and Western medicine based on the general meaning of the discipline concept,in terms of theoretical basis,methodology,research content and development direction:integrated Chinese and Western medicine is a comprehensive medical discipline based on the ontology and epistemology of traditional medicine and the reductionism,system theory,information theory and cybernetics of modern medicine,studying the phenomena,essence and phase evolution of human life and diseases,promoting human health and preventing and treating diseases.It is a comprehensive medical discipline that promotes human health and prevents and treats diseases.The concept of the discipline determines the basic framework of the structure of the discipline system.This paper systematically explains the epistemological and methodological connotations of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine based on the ontology,epistemology and methodology of Chinese medicine,elaborates new perspectives on the practical path and research paradigm of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,and puts forward specific ideas on several major scientific problems that need to be solved in the integration of Chinese and Western medicine.The combination of Chinese and Western medicine is not a mechanical combination of 1+1=2,but uses advanced theories and technologies of modern medicine to make up for the lack of empirical evidence in Chinese medicine and it uses Chinese medicine’s analogical thinking,the concept of the unity of heaven and man,and the holistic view to sort out and coordinate the fragmented research results of modern medicine,to solve the problem of contradictory results that are difficult to integrate systematically,and to achieve a combination of 1+1>2.It is important to systematically and thoroughly study and expand the theory and practice of integrated Chinese and Western medicine,so as to build a systematic and comprehensive disciplinary system of integrated Chinese and Western medicine.