论表见证明在医疗纠纷案件中的适用

On the Application of Facie-beweis in Medical Disputes

表见证明是法官利用高度盖然性经验法则推断待证事实的证明方法,其在医疗纠纷领域,由于“定型事象经过”的欠缺、法官专业知识的匮乏,其适用受到限制。缓和患者的举证责任已成法律界共识,但现行法中的过错推定是一般的证明妨碍制度,而不是医疗纠纷领域的特殊举证责任缓和规则;而在不转换证明责任的前提下,表见证明能通过法官心证的作用缓和患者举证压力,同时又赋予医方反证的权利,在医疗损害因果关系及过错的证明中有极大的适用空间,故应进一步研究其适用前提、范围及效力,推动其在医疗纠纷中的适用。

Facie-beweis is a proof method used by judges to infer facts to be proved by using highly probabilistic empirical rules.However,the lack of"stabilized events"and the lack of professional knowledge of judges have restricted its application in medical disputes.It has become a consensus to ease the patients'burden of proof.The presumption of fault in the current law is a general proof obstruction system,not a special mitigation rule for the burden of proof in the medical field.Apparent evidence can ease the pressure of patients to produce evidence through the role of judge's heart evidence without changing the burden of proof,and at the same time give the doctor the right to disprove evidence,which has great application space in the field of medical damage causality and fault.Therefore,its application precondition,scope and effectiveness should be further studied to promote its application in medical disputes.