2006—2019年长沙市职业性尘肺病发病特征分析

Analysis on incidence characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Changsha City from 2006-2019

目的了解长沙市职业性尘肺病发病特点,为有关部门制定尘肺病防治规划及政策提供参考依据。方法收集国家职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统2006—2019年长沙市报告的尘肺病病例报告卡基本信息,并对数据进行分析。结果 2006—2019年期间长沙市共报告394例尘肺病涉及9种病种,于2009年达到峰值后波动下降,以矽肺为主,发病年龄中位数(M)为60.0岁,地区分布以岳麓区最多,其次是宁乡市、望城区和浏阳市,工种以凿岩工和掘进工为主。矽肺接尘月龄M为72.0月,煤工尘肺接尘月龄均数为(208.9±120.83)月,尘肺壹期、贰期及叁期的发病年龄和接尘月龄差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论长沙市职业性尘肺病发病特点同湖南省有许多不同点,应降低工人工作场所粉尘含量和加强凿岩工及掘进工职业健康监护等尘肺病防治工作。

Objective To understand the incidence characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Changsha City,provide scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate the plans and policies of pneumoconiosis prevention and control. Methods The basic information on the card of pneumoconiosis cases in Changsha City from 2006-2019 were collect from the National Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 394 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Changsha City from 2006-2019,involving 9 types of pneumoconiosis diseases,which declined fluctuatingly after reaching a peak in 2009,most of cases were silicosis,and the median age(M) of onset was 60 years old.The distribution of region was most in Yuelu District,followed by Ningxiang District,Wangcheng District and Liuyang District.The main types of work were rock drillers and tunnelers. The median dust-exposed age M of silicosis was 72.0 months,and the average age of coal-workers’ pneumoconiosis was(208.94±120.83) months. There were no statistically significant differences age of onset and months of dust exposure among cases of stage I,stage II and stage III pneumoconiosis(all P>0.05). Conclusion The incidence characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Changsha City are different from those in the whole province. It is necessary to reduce the dust content in the workplace and strengthen the prevention and control measures of pneumoconiosis such as the occupational health monitoring of rock drill and tunneling workers.