基于“物理-事理-人理方法论”的分布式自治组织运行机制与监管策略研究

Distributed Autonomous Organizations Modeling and Governance on the Perspective Wu-li Shi-li Ren-li Approach

区块链技术是一种综合链表结构、点对点传播、共识机制、加密算法等特点的计算机技术,可以支持分布式自治组织这种新的组织形式。基于区块链和智能合约的分布式自治组织具有规模扩张的优势,但同时存在市场监管的困难。本文运用"物理-事理-人理(WSR)方法论",首先研究分布式自治组织的运行机制,构建共识机制的理论模型(物理);其次基于交易成本理论研究分布式自治组织的边界,得到分布式自治组织的规模扩张优于传统企业组织的约束条件,引入不完全信息条件下新进入者的"共识质量"约束,说明区块链和智能合约促进分布式自治组织规模扩张的机制(事理);最后对分布式自治组织的市场失灵等现实问题的分析,提出相应的市场监管建议(人理)。分布式自治组织可以通过信誉激励等手段遏制信息不对称;市场监管者应该更多地参与到智能合约的设计中,进行"链端"和"链上"双重监管;多个监管者之间可以通过联盟链进行协同。WSR方法论为分布式自治组织提供了理论指导,推动数字经济时代组织形式的创新与监管。

Blockchain integrates multiple information technology such as linked list structure,peer-to-peer propagation,consensus mechanism,encryption algorithm,etc. Although blockchain provides a new sustainable mechanism for the scale expansion of modern enterprises with smart contracts,it also brings challenges to the existing market supervision. With the Wu-li Shi-li Ren-li(WSR) approach,we set up a theoretical model of sustainable consensus mechanism(Wu-li) and study the operation mechanism of DAOs. First,we analyze how blockchain changes the border of organizations based on the transaction cost theory. The result shows that DAOs have more advantages in scale expansion than traditional enterprises. Then,we examine the case of imperfect consensus and obtain the scale expansion effect with constraints on consensus quality(Shi-li). Finally,we discuss market failure in the real world with DAOs and propose supervision suggestions on DAOs’ operating(Ren-li). In general,market regulators should be more involved in smart contracts while DAOs can suppress the transmission of information asymmetry through reputation incentives. There should be more supervision on both"chain terminals"and "the chain". Decentralized collaboration of multiple regulators can be carried out to improve the effect of supervision. In this study,the Wu-li Shi-li Ren-li(WSR) approach provides a theoretical guidance on the establishment of DAOs and help to promote the innovation and supervision of organizational form in the era of digital economy.