中国“压力型”财政激励的产业结构调整效应

The Adjustment Effect of Chinese“Pressure-Type”Fiscal Incentive on Industrial Structure

产业结构优化升级是构建新发展格局、提高经济发展质量和效益的动力支撑。中国“压力型”财政激励是解析产业结构变迁规律的重要视角。本文利用中国285个城市的动态面板数据和系统广义矩(GMM)估计方法,结合地方政府的行为特征,探究了“压力型”财政激励的产业结构调整效应。研究发现,“压力型”财政激励有利于提高产业结构高级化的量,却不利于提升产业结构高级化的质,也不利于促成产业结构的合理化。机制识别发现,地方政府在“压力型”财政激励下通过“以地拓财源”和加强税收征管等方式影响产业结构调整。进一步讨论发现,较高的财政分权程度和环境规制水平能够有效缓解“压力型”财政激励对产业结构调整的负面影响。本文据此提出了改进制度条件、规范地方政府行为等促进产业结构均衡发展的政策建议。

The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is the driving force to build a new development pattern and improve the quality and efficiency of economic development.Chinese“pressure-type”fiscal incentive represents an important perspective to analyze the law of industrial structure change.Based on the dynamic panel data of 285 cities in China and the GMM estimation method,this paper explores the industrial structure adjustment effect of the“pressure-type”fiscal incentive while considering the behavior characteristics of local governments.It is found that the“pressure-type”fiscal incentive is conducive to increasing the quantity of industrial structure upgrading,but not to improving the quality of industrial structure upgrading or promoting the rationalization of industrial structure.Through mechanism identification,it is found that local governments adopting the “pressure-type”fiscal incentives affect the industrial structure adjustment through the means of“expanding financial resources with land”,strengthening tax collection and management and the like.Further discussion has found that a high degree of fiscal decentralization and environmental regulation can effectively alleviate the negative impact of“pressure-type”fiscal incentives on industrial structure adjustment.Based on this,the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the balanced development of industrial structure,such as improving the institutional conditions and regulating the local government behavior.