稻作与创业:中国企业家精神南北差异的文化起源

Rice Planting and Entrepreneurship:The Cultural Origins of Difference in Entrepreneurship between North and South China

中国的企业家精神呈现“南盛于北”的特征。基于2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查和266个地级及以上城市数据,本文以1957年和1995年水稻播种面积占比衡量稻作方式,利用流行病学研究方法检验其对家庭创业选择和创业企业后续发展的影响。研究表明,水稻种植方式有利于推动家庭从事创业活动,但对企业雇员规模及其成长性的消极影响并不确定,其中的作用机制是,稻作有利于强化基于亲缘和地缘形成的熟人社会关系,为创业者提供物质资源、市场信息和情感支持,从而推动家庭开展创业活动。这意味着“大众创业、万众创新”政策落实过程中,应该考虑南北地域的差异性,实现地域文化与政策激励的良性耦合,同时应健全和完善法律法规等正式制度保障,推动创业企业向现代企业转型。

The entrepreneurship in South China is more prosperous than that in North China.Based on China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2017 and data of 266 cities at or above prefectural level,this paper explores the effects of the rice planting pattern on household entrepreneurship and the development of enterprises through the epidemiological approach,with the rice planting pattern determined according to the proportion of rice planting area in 1957 and 1995.The results show that rice planting practice is positively related to household entrepreneurship,but the negative effects on the size and growth of the enterprises are still uncertain.The mechanism lies in the fact that rice planting is conducive to strengthening social connection,and thus providing material resources,market information and emotional support for entrepreneurial activities,so as to enhance household entrepreneurship.This means that in the process of implementing the policy of“Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation”,the regional differences between North and South China should be considered to achieve the benign coupling of regional culture and policy incentives.At the same time,the formal institutions such as laws and regulations should also be improved to promote the transformation of start-up enterprises into modern enterprises.