语法构式的转喻认知理据——以“动宾+宾语”构式为例

Metonymic Motivation on Chinese“VO+O”Construction

"动宾+宾语"(VO+O)构式具有新鲜、醒目、凸显、简洁等许多语用特征,目前已经流行开来并得到大众的认可。这样的结构到底是怎么生成的?有哪些动词能够进入此类构式?又有什么样的宾语能够进入此类构式?这些问题都有待进一步探讨。本文从语法转喻的视角对这一构式进行了研究,旨在为此类构式的研究提供新的视角和新的参考。研究发现:(1)此类句法构式是基于概念的邻近性、范畴的同一性和显著度的不对称性而形成的,可以通过转喻的视角得到较好的解释,语法转喻是形成此类结构的动因;(2)语法转喻导致"VO+O"中第二个O的认知凸显;(3)语法转喻导致VO的词汇化、凝固化,导致VO的指称化和事物化;(4)语法转喻导致"VO+O"构式整体义的产生。因此,可以说,语法转喻是此类构式产生的重要理据。

In Chinese,"VO+O"construction is so vivid,fresh and precise that it is very popular now.But what is the cognitive mechanism of this kind of construction?What kind of verbs can be used in such constructions?So these questions need to be further studied.This paper,from the perspective of grammatical metonymy,discusses this construction,aiming to provide a new perspective for the study of such construction.The major findings are as follows:(1)The relation between VO and O is contiguity,i.e.metonymy;(2)grammatical metonymy makes the second O in VO+O more prominent;(3)grammatical metonymy also shapes the entrenchment of VO and makes such construction referential and materialized;(4)grammatical metonymy brings out the constructional meaning of such construction.Therefore,grammatical metonymy is one of the main motivations of such construction.