英汉超常动宾构式的认知对比——以“eat/have”和“吃”类构式为例

A Cognitive Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Supernormal V-O Constructions:Taking“Eat/Have”and“Chi”Constructions as Examples

英语的"eat/have"和汉语的"吃"类超常动宾构式在动词的语义特征、宾语的形式和语义特征及其构式的语义特征上具有一些共性和差异。其共性特征的认知机制为隐喻和转喻,隐喻和转喻拓展的基础是事物、事件之间的相似性、相邻性或相关性关联。英语"eat/have"类构式的动词、宾语及其构式语义的抽象性和比喻性程度大大低于汉语"吃"类构式,汉语民族的形象思维方式引发了类比/比喻性思维,"吃"类动宾构式的各种隐喻和转喻表达清楚地反映了汉语民族的各种比喻性思维。同时,"吃"类动宾构式表达呈现出较强的主观性识解的倾向,此构式前景化事件的某个侧面,从而达到语用表达的目的。

There are some similarities and differences between English and Chinese supernormal V-O constructions with"eat/have"and"chi"in the verbs’semantic features,the objects’formal and semantic features as well as the constructions’semantic features.The cognitive mechanisms of their similarities are metaphors and metonymies whose extension foundation is the similarity,adjacency and relevance between things and events.In terms of their meanings,the verbs,objects and constructions of"eat/have"constructions are much less abstract and figurative than"chi"constructions.The image thinking mode of Chinese nation triggers their analogical or figurative thinking which is explicitly reflected in the various metaphorical and metonymic expressions.Meanwhile,the V-O construction with"chi"presents a rather strong tendency toward subjective construal,i.e.this construction foregrounds a profile of the event so as to achieve the speaker’s purpose of pragmatic expressions.