价值链分工、技术进步与跨国行业工资差距

Value Chain Division of Labor,Technological Progress and the Wage Gap in Transnational Industries

通过分析价值链分工、技术进步对跨国行业间和行业内工资差距的作用机理,并采用跨国分行业面板数据,实证分析不同形式的价值链分工、技术进步对不同收入国家行业之间以及行业内部工资差距的影响。分析结果表明,价值链参与度和价值链分工地位对跨国行业之间和行业内部工资差距的影响较为显著,但提升价值链参与度会扩大中等收入国家与高收入国家行业之间的工资差距,而提升价值链分工地位则会缩小行业之间的工资差距,同时,提升价值链参与度或价值链分工地位多会导致跨国行业内部工资差距的扩大;全要素生产率的提升等技术进步因素会缩小不同收入国家行业之间以及行业内部的工资差距;价值链分工的技术进步效应对行业之间和行业内部工资差距的影响也较为显著。在不同国家参与全球价值链分工的背景下,中等收入国家应结合自身实际,积极提升价值链分工地位,发挥其技术进步效应,缩小跨国行业工资差距。

Through the analysis of the mechanism of value chain division of labor and technological progress on the wage gap between different industries and within industries,and using the panel data of cross-border industries,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of different forms of value chain division of labor and technological progress on the wage gap between industries and within industries in different income countries.The results show that value chain participation and division of labor status of value chain have a significant impact on the wage gap between multinational industries and within industries.However,increasing the value chain participation will expand the wage gap between middle-income countries and high-income countries,while improving the division of labor status of value chain will reduce the wage gap between industries;at the same time,increasing the participation degree of value chain or division of labor status of value chain will lead to the expansion of wage gap within transnational industries;the improvement of total factor productivity and other technological progress factors will narrow the wage gap between industries and within industries in different income countries;the technological progress effect of value chain division of labor has a significant impact on the wage gap between industries and within industries.Under the background of different countries participating in the global value chain division of labor,middle-income countries should actively enhance the division of labor status of value chain,give play to its technological progress effect,and narrow the wage gap of transnational industries.