普惠保险如何作用于农村反贫困长效机制建设?--基于贫困脆弱性的研究

How Does Inclusive Insurance Work on the Construction of Long-term Anti-poverty Mechanism in Rural China?--A Research Based on Poverty Vulnerability

反贫困长效机制建设事关我国脱贫质量和能否守住来之不易的脱贫成果。本文利用在四川、河南、甘肃和青海四省份调研搜集的农村家庭微观数据,从贫困脆弱性出发,通过构建村庄普惠保险指数,研究了普惠保险如何作用于我国农村反贫困长效机制建设,并分析了普惠保险与保险深度、保险密度对降低贫困脆弱性的区别,以及普惠保险在普惠金融发展中的作用。研究发现,普惠保险有助于降低我国农村家庭的贫困脆弱性,并且该影响不会随着普惠保险发展水平提高而减弱。村庄普惠保险指数增加一个标准差,将会促进农村家庭未来陷入贫困的可能性降低33.24%。此外,普惠保险对贫困脆弱性的作用并非是保险深度和保险密度等因素所致,而保险深度和保险密度对贫困脆弱性呈现出差异性影响,提高保险深度能够降低贫困脆弱性、保险密度则会增加贫困脆弱性。进一步地,研究还发现,普惠保险可以通过提高农村家庭风险处置能力的机制对降低贫困脆弱性发挥作用;同时,普惠保险还可以在普惠金融中发挥重要作用,普惠保险能够和扶贫小额贷款、正规与非正规贷款以及数字金融或保险等其他金融服务发挥互补功能,共同降低农村家庭贫困脆弱性。最后,普惠保险对贫困地区和贫困家庭、保险认知能力强和保险素养高的农村家庭具有更大的作用。本文结论能对我国推进普惠保险发展和反贫困长效机制建设提供重要参考。

The construction of long-term anti-poverty mechanism is related to the quality of China′s poverty alleviation and whether the hard-won achievements of poverty alleviation can be maintained.Based on the micro data of rural households collected in Sichuan,Henan,Gansu and Qinghai provinces,this paper constructed a village inclusive insurance index and studied how inclusive insurance worked on the construction of long-term anti-poverty mechanism from the perspective of poverty vulnerability,and analyzed the differences between inclusive insurance and insurance penetration and insurance density in reducing poverty vulnerability,as well as the role of inclusive insurance in the development of inclusive finance.We find that inclusive insurance helps to reduce the poverty vulnerability of rural households,and the impact doesn′t weaken with the development of inclusive insurance.An increase of one standard deviation in the village inclusive insurance index will reduce the possibility of rural households falling into poverty in the future by 33.24%.In addition,the effect of inclusive insurance on poverty vulnerability is not caused by insurance penetration and insurance density,while insurance penetration and insurance density have different effects on poverty vulnerability.Among them,insurance penetration can reduce poverty vulnerability,but insurance density can increase poverty vulnerability.Furthermore,we find inclusive insurance mainly reduces poverty vulnerability through the mechanism of improving the risk management ability of rural households,and inclusive insurance also plays an important role in inclusive finance,which means inclusive insurance can reduce the poverty vulnerability of rural households together with other financial services such as micro-loans,formal and informal loans,and digital finance or insurance.Finally,inclusive insurance has a greater effect on poor areas and poor households,and households with strong insurance cognition and high insurance literacy.The conclusion of this paper provides an important reference for China to promote the development of inclusive insurance and the construction of long-term anti-poverty mechanism.