乌兰布和沙漠典型植被群落生长特性

Growth Characteristics of Typical Plant Communities in Ulanbuh Desert

【目的】目前,针对乌兰布和整个沙漠中的所有植被群落的结构以及多样性的分析报道较少,通过探究乌兰布和沙漠西鄂尔多斯与阴山北麓植物的种类、数量、结构变化以及多样性法则,为乌兰布和沙漠有效利用植被资源以及调节植被恢复与重建提供有力的理论依据和实践支撑。【方法】采用野外调查的方法,选取乌兰布和沙漠9个典型植物群落作为调查对象,对其群落结构特征、地上生物量、盖度和物种多样性进行了详细的分析。【结果】Simpson多样性指数表示为白刺>油蒿>红砂>沙米>画眉草>雾冰藜>骆驼蓬>虎尾草>三芒草;多样性指数和均匀度指数均呈现出灌木群落>草本群落。灌木群落地上生物量(1.02~3.82 kg·m-2)显著大于草本群落(0.22~0.73kg·m-2)。灌木群落地上生物量差异显著,白刺地上生物量最大,草本群落地上生物量大小表现为沙米>虎尾草>骆驼蓬>三芒草>雾冰藜>画眉草。不同物种植被盖度均存在差异,油蒿群落植被盖度覆盖度最高,三芒草最低。【结论】乌兰布和沙漠中沙漠区环境复杂,从东向西跨越了从草原化荒漠向荒漠化草原的过渡,植物种类的组成多样化,但结构较为单一。研究结果为明确乌兰布和沙漠西鄂尔多斯与阴山北麓植被生长特性以及物种在时间和空间上的配置提供有价值的指导意义。

【Objective】At present,there are few analysis reports on the structure and diversity of all vegetation communities in Ulanbuh desert.By exploring the types,quantity,structure changes and diversity rules of plants in West Ordos and the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in Ulanbuh desert,to provide a strong theoretical basis and practical support for the effective use of vegetation resources and the adjustment of vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the Ulanbuh desert.【Method】By field investigation,9 typical plant communities in UlanBuh desert were selected as the investigation objects,and the community structure characteristics,aboveground biomass,coverage and species diversity were analyzed in detail.【Result】The Simpson diversity index was as follows:Nitraria tanggutorum>Artemisia ordosica>Rraumuria songarica>Agriophyllum squarrosum>Eragrostis pilosa>Bassia dasyphylla>Peganum harmala>Chloris virgata>Aristida adscensionis;The diversity index and evenness index showed the shrub community>herb community.The aboveground biomass of shrub community(1.02-3.82 kg·m-2)was significantly higher than that of herb community(0.22-0.73 kg·m-2).The aboveground biomass of shrub communities was significantly different,of which Nitraria tanggutorum had the highest aboveground biomass,and the aboveground biomass of herb communities was as follows:Agriophyllum squarrosum>Chloris virgata>Peganum harmala>Aristida adscensionis>Bassia dasyphylla>Eragrostis pilosa.There were differences in vegetation coverage among different species.The vegetation coverage of Artemisia ordosica community was the highest and that of Aristida adscensionis was the lowest.【Conclusion】The environment of the desert area in UlanBuh Desert is complex,and it has crossed the transition from steppe desert to desertification steppe from east to west.The composition of plant species is diversified,but the structure is relatively simple.The results of this study provide valuable guidance for clarifying the characteristics of vegetation growth and the allocation of species in time and space in the western Ordos and the northern foothold of Yinshan Mountain in the UlanBuh desert.