后常规科学时代的风险传播:起点、规范与理性根基

Risk Communication in the Age of Post-Normal Science:Research Starting Point,Normal Structure and Fundamental Reason

风险社会的根本出路在于有效的风险治理,而风险传播在风险治理中处于关键环节。将后常规风险观作为风险传播的研究起点,有助于超越实在论与建构论之间的风险观争议。后常规科学反映了科学知识生产方式在风险社会的转型,其规范结构关乎风险传播中的信任机制重塑。有必要重视专家系统的主动信任和公众的合理不信任,以实现科学理性与交往理性的融通;同时应补足风险传播能力建设的短板,从而打造共建共治共享的社会治理格局。

The ultimate solution of risk society is the effective risk governance,while risk communication plays a crucial role in the risk governance framework.The paper views the concept of post-normal risk as the starting point of risk communication research,along with a conceptual formula:Risk=Probability×Consequence±Trust Mechanisms.The reflective perspective from STS is helpful for overcome the dilemma of realism and constructivism on defining risk.The production mode of science knowledge in risk society has transformed into‘post-normal science’,and the ethos of its normal structure can be concluded as Transparency,Robustness,Uncertainty management,Sustainability,Transdisciplinarity(TRUST as the abbreviation).These norms of post-normal science relate to the restore of trust mechanisms in risk communication context.To combine scientific rationality and communicative rationality,we should consider the active trust of expert system and public’s rational distrust symmetrically.Meanwhile,the various mini-publics provide legitimacy space for public engagement in the process of risk governance.