曲折、漫长的印度尼西亚新闻传播业的历程

Tortuous and long history of Indonesia’s Journalism

印度尼西亚是通向东亚的必经海路,因而成为西方新闻传播文化最早在亚洲的落脚点。荷兰殖民者1615年就在雅加达创办了荷兰文《新闻纪要》。18-20世纪,印尼的新闻传播业长期稳定发展,但规模和数量很小,且仅集中于爪哇岛。1942-1945年日本占领印尼,使得绵延300年的荷兰在印尼开创的新闻传播业突然中断。1945年独立后,国内派别林立,内斗激烈且残酷。特别是苏哈托对印尼统治(1965-1998)时期,上百万印尼共产党人和左派人士被杀害,华人华侨多次遭到屠杀和迫害,华文报刊全部被封闭。进入21世纪,印尼的新闻传播业得以比较平稳地走上民主化和市场化的道路,新闻传播业迅速步入发展的快车道,成为中国、美国、印度、巴西之后第五大世界社交媒体市场,首都雅加达成为世界头号Twitter城市。

Indonesia is the only sea route to East Asia, so it has become the earliest foothold of western journalism in Asia. In 1615, Dutch colonists founded Memorie des Nouvelles in Jakarta.From the 18 th century to the 20 th century,Indonesia’s journalism developed steadily for a long time, but its scale and quantity were very small, and only concentrated in Java.The occupation of Indonesia by Japan from 1942 to 1945 caused a sudden interruption of the Dutch journalism, which lasted for 300 years.After independence in 1945, a lot of political struggles took place in Indonesia.In particular, during Suharto’s rule of Indonesia(1965-1998), millions of Indonesian Communists and leftists were killed, overseas Chinese were slaughtered and persecuted many times, and all Chinese newspapers and periodicals were closed.In the 21 st century, Indonesia’s mass media has been steadily on the road of democratization and marketization. Indonesia’s journalism has rapidly stepped into the fast lane of development. Indonesia has become the fifth largest social media market in the world after China, the United States, India and Brazil. Jakarta, the capital, has become the city with the most active use of Twitter in the world.