论《长门赋》对楚辞的传承与新变

On the inheritance and new changes of The Songs of Chu in Changmen Fu

司马相如的赋作在汉赋发展史上具有继承与开拓的意义,其抒情骚体之作《长门赋》集楚辞之大成,在语辞、句式和意绪结构上有意识地祖述与脱化,情词缠绵,哀怨可悲,为骚怨之遗绪。但因抒情方式和情感表达的不同,与屈辞怨怒激愤的狂狷气性和张扬自信的感情抒发相比,《长门赋》主体情感则主要系于一己之宠辱的无奈郁闷,而且情感为理性所节制,立言有法,温柔敦厚,含蓄蕴藉。《长门赋》博采屈辞而弥新,又开后世宫怨题材之取向。

Sima Xiangru′s Fu has the significance of inheriting and developing in the history of Han Fu(a kind of poetic style).Changmen Fu,a collection of songs of the Chu Dynasty,consciously narrates and deconstructs the words,sentence patterns and mood structure of the Chu Dynasty,showing a mixture of love and sadness and inheriting the resentment of Qu Ci.However,due to the different expressive ways,compared with Qu Ci′s noble feelings of the suzerain state and his anger,the main emotion of Changmen Fu focuses on the helplessness and depression of one′s own favor and disgrace,and the emotion is controlled by reason,which is legal,gentle and implicit.Changmen Fu is rich in Qu Ci and new,which opens up the theme orientation of palace resentment in later generations.