四川省石渠县牦牛棘球蚴病血清流行病学初步调查

Preliminarily Seroepidemiological Investigation on Yak Echinococcosis in Shiqu County of Sichuan Province

为了解四川省甘孜藏族自治州石渠县牦牛棘球蚴病流行状况,2017年按照便利抽样原则,采集石渠县17个乡镇2047头牦牛血清样品,通过ELISA试剂盒检测棘球蚴抗体,并使用Excel 2013和SPSS 22.0软件进行数据统计分析。结果显示:石渠县牦牛棘球蚴血清阳性率为17.73%(363/2047),不同乡镇间的血清阳性率差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=412.39,P<0.05);位于东南方向乡镇的血清阳性率偏高(30.05%,281/935),与西北方向乡镇(7.37%,82/1112)差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=179.08,P<0.05);海拔处于4000 m及以下乡镇的血清阳性率(29.85%,306/1025)较高,与处于4000 m以上乡镇(5.58%,57/1022)差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=206.76,P<0.05);母畜(15.72%,128/814)和公畜(19.05%,235/1233)血清阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.74,P>0.05);不同年龄牦牛均有阳性血清被检出,且差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.33,P<0.05),其中幼年牦牛(9.29%,13/140)低于成年牦牛(18.35%,350/1907),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.35,P<0.05)。结果表明,石渠县牦牛群中仍有一定程度的棘球蚴感染,且呈现一定的区域和年龄分布特征,东南方向的低海拔区域以及高龄牦牛感染相对较严重。结果提示,石渠县应继续加强牦牛棘球蚴病防控和监测,将东南部的低海拔区域牦牛和高龄牦牛列为防控重点。

In order to identify the prevalence of yak echinococcosis in Shiqu County,Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province,in 2017,based on the principle of convenience sampling,2047 yak serum samples collected from 17 townships in the county were detected for antibodies against Echinococcus by ELISA kit,and the produced data was analyzed by Excel 2013 and SPSS 22.0 software.The results showed that the serum positive rate of Echinococcus was 17.73%(363/2047)in the county,and the difference of serum positive rates among different townships was of statistical significance(χ^(2)=412.39,P<0.05);the serum positive rate was higher in southeast townships(30.05%,281/935),which was of statistical significance(χ^(2)=179.08,P<0.05)with that in northwest townships(7.37%,82/1112);and that in the townships at an altitude of 4000 m or below was higher(29.85%,306/1025),which was of statistical significance(χ^(2)=206.76,P<0.05)with that in the townships at an altitude of above 4000 m(5.58%,57/1022);that was no statistical significance(χ^(2)=3.74,P>0.05)in female(15.72%,128/814)and male animals(19.05%,235/1233);positive serum samples were detected out from yaks at different ages,and the difference was of statistical significance(χ^(2)=20.33,P<0.05),in which,the level was lower in young yaks(9.29%,13/140)than in adult ones(18.35%,350/1907),with statistical significance of difference(χ^(2)=7.35,P<0.05).It was concluded that the yaks were infected with echinococcosis to some extent,with the characteristics of region and age distribution,the infection in the areas with low altitude in southeast and old yaks were relatively serious.Therefore,the disease should be further prevented,controlled and monitored in the county with a priority of the areas with low altitude in southeast and old yaks.