乾嘉之际黄河岁修帮价筹款问题探究——以摊捐养廉银为例

Research on the problem of Addition Fundraising for Yellow River Yearly Repair between Qianlong and Jiaqing--Take the Common Donation Yanglian Silver for Instance

乾隆末年,摊捐地方官员养廉银贴补河工帮价需求的策略在东河所在的豫、东两省出现并推广。作为对之前摊征筹款办法的替代,摊捐养廉银实为清廷维持定额河工用银管理体系的一种尝试,此举虽暂时缓解了河工帮价银无款可筹的困境,但摊捐养廉银并非一条稳定持续的治河经费来源。作为清代地方公项开支耗羡银组成部分的官员养廉银总额有限,无法满足数量庞大且不断增长的河工帮价需求,强制摊捐也引发诸多不良后果,最终河工摊捐养廉银之策被发商生息等办法取代。

The strategy of use common donation Yanglian Silver for addition Fundraising needs for East river in Henan and Shandong provinces at the end of Qianlong period,this strategy of common donation Yanglian Silver was used as an alternative to common levy on people,it’s an attempt to maintained the quota funding management system by Qing government in fact,Although this temporarily eased the shortage of no funds to raise addition funds for river conservancy,it is not a stable and continuous source of funding for river management.as a part of local public expenditures Haoxian Silver in the Qing Dynasty,the Yanglian Silver for officials was limited regularly,Unable to meet the huge and growing demand of addition Fundraising for East river conservancy projects,forced common donation Yanglian Silver have also caused many undesirable consequences,eventually the strategy of use common donation Yanglian Silver was replaced by raising funds to merchants to collect interest.