教育扩张、市场化转型与民族间入学机会差异研究

Education Expansion,Market Transition and the Educational Disparity between Minority and Majority

多民族国家内部民族间教育机会差异的形成和变化与微观的家庭社会经济背景、民族文化相关,同时也受宏观政治进程的影响。本文运用CFPS数据分析了1950-1988年间不同出生群组的民族间入学机会差异,并讨论了形成该差异的机制变化。经验证据表明,我国民族间入学机会差异并非民族身份直接作用的结果,深受社会结构、户口、地区以及民族文化的影响;此外,民族间入学机会差异受宏观政治进程的影响,市场化转型就是影响民族入学机会差异发生变化的重要因素,市场化转型的负效应甚至超过了教育扩张可能带来的正效应。最后,在总结研究发现的基础上,本研究进一步展望了本领域发展,并讨论了政策启示。

There are obvious differences in educational opportunities among ethnic groups in multi-ethnic countries.The formation and change of this difference is related to the micro family socio-economic background and national culture,and is also influenced by the macro political process.Based on the representative data of China,this paper analyzes the differences of educational opportunities among different birth groups from 1950 to 1988,and discusses the mechanism of the differences.The empirical evidence shows that the differences in educational opportunities and social status among ethnic groups in China are not the direct result of ethnic identity,but are deeply influenced by social structure,Hukou,region and ethnic culture.In addition,the differences of ethnic enrollment opportunities are affected by the macro political process,and the market-oriented transformation is an important factor affecting the changes of ethnic enrollment opportunities.The negative effect of market-oriented transformation even exceeds the positive effect of education expansion.Finally,on the basis of summarizing the research findings,this study further prospects the development of this field,and discusses the policy implications.