汉长安城手工业遗存的发现与研究

The Discovery and Study of Handicraft Archaeology in Chang’an City of Han Dynasty

目前,汉长安城发现的手工业遗存可分制陶(砖瓦建筑材料,陶俑),铸钱和铸铁三大门类,分布于汉长安城内、近郊及上林苑三个区域。砖瓦生产以就近为原则,位于建筑附近,建成即平。陶俑生产及铁器铸造集中于汉长安城西北部的“手工业园”。铸钱位于西汉上林苑内,因建章宫的营建而导致技巧官迁入城内的“手工业园”。都城手工业由不同的职官负责管理,属于官府手工业性质。其职能主要是为都城建设生产建筑材料,为帝王及贵族陵墓生产随葬用品及少量生活用品,为全国铸造钱币或提供技术支持。各行业普遍使用范模成型,大大提高了生产效率及产品的标准化水平。叠铸技术广泛应用于金属铸造领域,王莽铸钱叠铸技术代表了当时的最高水平。

At present, the handicraft remains found in Chang’an City of Han Dynasty can be divided into three major industries : pottery( brick and tile building materials, pottery figures), money casting and cast iron. Distributing in the three areas : Han Chang ’an City, suburban and Shanglin Yuan Garden. Brick and tile building materials pro-duction is based on the principle of proximity, located near the building. The site was leveled after the building was completed. The production of pottery figures and the casting of iron ware were concentrated in the " Hand Industrial Park " in the northwest of Chang ’an City of Han Dynasty. Casting money was located in Shanglin Yuan Garden of the Western Han Dynasty. The construction of Jianzhang Palace led to the Jiqiao Office moving to the " Hand In-dustrial Park " in the city. The handicraft industry in the capital city was managed by different officials and belonged to the nature of government handicraft industry. Its functions are mainly to produce building materials for the con-struction of the capital, funerary supplies and a few daily necessities for the tombs of emperors and nobles, and to mint coins or provide technical support for the whole country. Various industries generally use the model molding,greatly improve the production efficiency and product standardization level. Stack casting technique is widely used in the field of metal casting, and Wang Mang’s stack casting technique represents the highest level at that time.