裴李岗文化墓葬及相关问题的再认识

The Recognition of the Tombs of Peiligang Culture and Related Issues

目前发现的裴李岗文化墓地整体可分前、后两个发展阶段,前段缺乏规划,尚与居址连在一起,后段规划有序,与居址有了明显区隔;墓葬多为长方形土坑竖穴墓,墓向以西向和西南向为主,葬式以仰身直肢为主。这些葬制与葬俗上的一致性表明裴李岗文化居民已经形成了稳定的丧葬传统。墓葬、居址发掘资料及相关成果显示,裴李岗文化居民的生计策略是以采集和渔猎为主,农业和畜牧业为辅;存在家族、氏族、胞族、部落的社会组织结构,阶层和贫富分化尚未出现,社会成员地位相对平等。贾湖聚落发展出了高水平的物质文化和精神文化,掌管宗教祭祀的巫师已经出现了身份地位上的差别。

The burial ground of Peiligang culture can be divided into two development periods.The former period lacks of planning,and the later has orderly programmed.The structure of the tombs are earthen-shaft.The direction of the tombs are west and southwest.The burial system of the tombs owner are extended supine position burial.These consistent burial institutions and customs reflect that the resident of Peiligang culture have a stable burial traditions.The data of the tombs and dwelling sites and relevant achievement reveal many information of the resident of Peiligang culture.The food gathering,fishing and hunting are their primary livelihood strategies,and the agriculture and animal husbandry are their secondary producing activity.They have a four-stage social organization and structure,Which are family,clan,patriarch and tribe.They haven't the differentiated stratum and rich-poor,and their members of society are relatively equal.The settlement of Jiahu has the high-level material and spiritual culture,and the wizards who take charge of religious sacrifice have been differences in identity and status.