罗马帝国行省政府的免役士兵探析

On the Beneficiarii Consularis in the Provincial Government of the Roman Empire

罗马免役士兵最初以行省总督私人助手的身份协助行省政府处理日常政务,后成为常任的办事人员,负责文书与通信、社会经济事务、监督物资转运等。这样的变化一方面是行省管理的客观需要,更深层次的原因则是元首通过完善政府系统和制度体系来加强行省管理。行省政府的完善,有助于提升行省的管理水平,促进社会经济的发展,但随着行省地位的提升,罗马帝国也面临着新的挑战。

The beneficiarii consularis of Roman Empire were originally the provincial governor’s personal staff.They took part in the provincial administration as well.When they became the permanent governmental clerks in the later period,their duties expanded to looking after the communication between the provincial government and the emperor,as well as the local society in both social and economic terms.This change happened partially because of the needs of the provincial administration,and the more important reason was that the central government needed to enhance its control of the provincial governments.The improvement of provincial governance helped in the social and economic development.Meanwhile,along with the rise of the provincial power,the Roman Empire faced more serious challenges from the provinces.