影响河湖水体总磷测定方法的分析探讨

Analysis and Discussion on Determination Methods of Total Phosphorus in Rivers and Lakes

总磷是评价水质污染状况的重要指标之一,可反映水体受污染程度和富营养化程度。河湖水体易含有泥沙和藻类聚集,影响总磷的测定。本文通过分析不同自然沉降时间、不同离心处理时间、不同过滤次数对水体浊度和总磷测定值的影响,发现河湖水体的浊度和总磷含量存在正相关性。提出基于不同的水样和测定目的,应有针对性地选择总磷前处理方法,同时比较使用过硫酸钾消解、高氯酸消解、硫酸-硝酸消解3种消解方法对水体总磷测定的影响,分析各消解方法的优劣性,以提高样品测定的精密度和准确度。

Total Phosphorus(TP)is one of the important indexes to evaluate water pollution,which can reflect the degree of water pollution and eutrophication.Rivers and lakes are prone to contain sediment and algae accumulation,affecting the determination of TP.In this paper,through the analysis of the influence of different natural sedimentation time,different centrifugal treatment time and different filtration times on the turbidity and total phosphorus of water body,it is found that there is a positive correlation between the turbidity and total phosphorus content of rivers and lakes.Based on different water samples and determination purposes,it is proposed that the pretreatment methods of total phosphorus should be selected.Meanwhile,the effects of potassium persulfate digestion,perchloric acid digestion and sulfuric acid nitric acid digestion on the determination of total phosphorus in water were compared,and the advantages and disadvantages of each digestion method were analyzed,so as to improve the precision and accuracy of sample determination.