投喂频率对长鳍篮子鱼幼鱼生长性能、肌肉粗营养及血清生化指标的影响

Effects of feeding frequency on growth performance,muscle composition and serum biochemical indices of juvenile Siganus canaliculatus

为探究不同投喂频率对长鳍篮子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)幼鱼生长及生理的影响,分别设置4个投喂频率(1次·d^(-1)、2次·d^(-1)、3次·d^(-1)、4次·d^(-1)),依次标记为F1、F2、F3、F4组,每组设置3个平行,在微流水养殖桶(有效容积125 L)中养殖16周。结果显示:1)生长指标:各组长鳍篮子鱼幼鱼体质量及体长随养殖时间增加均呈线性上升趋势,F3与F4组生长趋势相近;饵料系数和摄食率F3组均为最高,且显著高于F1组(P<0.05);F4组肝体比显著高于F1组(P<0.05),F1组肠体比与肠长比显著高于F4组(P<0.05),F3、F4组肥满度显著高于F1、F2组(P<0.05)。2)肌肉粗营养:F1组肌肉中水分含量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),而肌肉粗蛋白含量显著低于其余3组(P<0.05);F2、F3组肌肉粗灰分含量显著高于F1、F4组(P<0.05)。3)血清生化指标:F2、F3组血清总蛋白含量显著高于F1、F4组(P<0.05);而F1、F4组血清白蛋白含量显著高于F2、F3组(P<0.05);甘油三酯的含量随投喂频率增加显著增加(P<0.05);F4组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量最高,显著高于F1、F2组(P<0.05),且F4组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著低于其他3组(P<0.05);F3组谷草转氨酶活性及谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。结果表明,投喂频率在3次·d^(-1)时长鳍篮子鱼幼鱼的生长效益最佳。

The growth of fish is usually affected by the size and type of bait,feeding frequency,feeding rate and the ability of fish to absorb nutrients.Recent studies have found that feeding frequency is one of the key factors affecting the growth performance of fish.In this study,juvenile Siganus canaliculatus was used as the research object.The growth indices,muscle crude nutrients and serum biochemical indices were measured at different feeding frequencies.According to the physiological and biochemical indices of the fish body,the growth benefit under each feeding frequency was evaluated.The purpose is to find out the scientific feeding frequency for juvenile Siganus canaliculatus,and to provide the corresponding theoretical basis and scientific support for the actual production of Siganus canaliculatus and other fishes.To investigate the effects of feeding frequencies on the growth and physiology of juvenile Siganus canaliculatus,four feeding frequencies(1 meal·d^(-1),2 meals·d^(-1),3 meals·d^(-1),4 meals·d^(-1))were set,marked as F1,F2,F3 and F4.Three parallel groups were set in each group for 16 weeks in a microfluidic breeding tank(effective volume 125 L).Results of the study showed:1)Growth indicators:Body weight and body length in each group increased linearly with the breeding time,the growth trend was similar between F3 and F4.The feeding rate and feed conversion ratio were the highest in F3,significantly higher than those of F1(P<0.05).The hepatosomatic index of F4 was significantly higher than that of F1(P<0.05),and ratio of intestine weight to body weight and ratio of intestine length to body length of F1 were significantly higher than those of F4(P<0.05),condition factor of F3 and F4 was significantly higher than that of F1 and F2(P<0.05).2)Muscle crude nutrition:The muscle moisture content of F1 was significantly higher than that of the other three groups(P<0.05),while the muscle crude protein content of F1 was significantly lower than that of the other three groups(P<0.05).The muscle crude ash content of F2 and F3 was significantly higher than that of F1 and F4(P<0.05).3)Serum biochemical indicators:The contents of glucose and total cholesterol were not significantly affected by feeding frequencies.The content of total protein(TP)of F2 and F3 was significantly higher than that of F1 and F4(P<0.05),while the content of albumin(ALB)of F1 and F4 was significantly higher than that of F2 and F3(P<0.05).The content of triglyceride(TG)increased significantly with the breeding time(P<0.05).The content of high-density lipoprotein(HDL)was the highest in F4,significantly higher than that of F1 and F2(P<0.05),and the content of low-density lipoprotein(LDL)of F4 was significantly lower than that of other three groups(P<0.05).The activity of aspartate transaminase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)was significantly lower than that of the other three groups(P<0.05).Results showed that the optimal growth benefit could be gained at the feeding frequency of 3 meals·d^(-1).