西方国家外资审查制度的“逆全球化”趋势及中国的对策

The"Anti-Globalization"Trend of the Foreign Investment Review System in Western Countries and China's Countermeasures

当今世界经济格局正发生剧烈变化,国际投资活动持续低迷,全球产业链、供应链运行受阻。在此背景下,美国、欧盟、澳大利亚分别通过颁布《外国投资风险审查现代化法案》《外国直接投资审查条例》和《2020年外国投资(保护澳大利亚国家安全)改革法》对各自的外资安全审查制度进行了趋于收紧的转变,并表现出单边主义、投资保护主义倾向。受国际投资“逆全球化”趋势的影响,中国高新技术企业海外投资风险加剧,国内产业结构优化的进程放缓。目前,我国正步入高水平对外开放的新时期,为应对西方国家外资安全审查制度转变带来的负面影响,应当在实践中完善外商投资以及外资安全审查制度,而在法律的制定中,要进一步强化概念的澄清和规则的细化,保障立法的前瞻性和可预测性;同时要抓住《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)带来的契机,构建新时期符合我国国情的开放型经济的新体制和新发展格局。

Today's world economic structure is undergoing drastic changes,international investment activities continue to be sluggish,and the operation of global industrial chains and supply chains is hindered.In this context,the United States,the European Union,and Australia respectively adopted the"Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act",the"Foreign Direct Investment Review Regulations"and the"Foreign Investment(Protection of Australian National Security)Reform Act of 2020"to review their foreign investment security review systems.It has undergone a shift that tends to tighten,and has shown unilateralism and investment protectionism.Affected by the trend of“reverse globalization”in international investment,overseas investment risks of Chinese high-tech enterprises have intensified,and the optimization of domestic industrial structure has slowed down.At present,my country is entering a new era of high-level opening up.In order to deal with the negative impact of the changes in foreign investment security review systems in Western countries,it is necessary to improve foreign investment and foreign investment security review systems in practice.Further strengthen the clarification of concepts and the refinement of rules to ensure the forward-looking and predictability of legislation;at the same time,we must seize the opportunity brought by the"Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement"(RCEP)to build an open model that is in line with my country's national conditions in the new era.New economic system and new development pattern.